Background: Long-term negative effects on academic ability and social activities can persist into adulthood in children with neurodevelopmental disorders characterized by inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity or called ADHD. Genetic, neurotransmitter, neurological, environmental, psychosocial, brain trauma, and addictive factors are some of the predisposing factors for ADHD. But theoretically, maternal risk factors are often a contributing factor to neuropsychiatric disorders, because of their potential influence on child brain development. Therefore, this study aims to assess the proportion of maternal risk factors consisting of prenatal, perinatal, and other factors of ADHD in Soerojo Hospital.

Subjects and Method: A descriptive-analytic study with a retrospective approach was conducted on April-June 2022 at Soerojo Hospital. A total of 90 subjects pediatric patients diagnosed with ADHD selected by purposive sampling techinque. Data collection was carried out by distributing questionnaires. The questionnaire consists of three sections contained questions regarding maternal risk factor of ADHD and was filled out by mothers of ADHD children. The data were analyzed by univariate analysis using SPSS.  

Results: The proportion of prenatal risk factors are mother’s age at pregnancy (19%), maternal disease history (8%), alcohol consumption (0%), hormonal contraception pre-pregnancy (24%), maternal psychopathology (34%), maternal excess weight (49%); the proportion of perinatal risk factors are premature birth (12%), operative abdominal and vaginal delivery (49%), low birth weight (13%), neonatal emergencies (34%); While other factors are hereditary factors (13%), exposure to cigarettes (47%), and marital conditions (23%).

Conclusion: The most common maternal risk factors were maternal excess weight, operative abdominal and vaginal delivery, exposure to cigarettes, maternal psychopathology, and neonatal emergencies.

Keywords: ADHD, Maternal Risk Factor, Prenatal, Perinatal